Electric glow-lamp.



3 SHBETS-SHEET 1.

' PATENTED DEC. 26, 1905.

G. K. HARTUNG. ELECTRIC GLOW LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED MAR 10, 1904 W9 {Maia WITNESSES.

No. 808,085. PATENTED DEC. 26, 1905. G. K. HARTUNG.

ELECTRIC GLOW LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.10.1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

\ \\\\\ll/I ll/ WITNESSES:

QLIZ MQ/ R 0 9 l Rm 2 C E D .E T N E T. A P am N U T R A H K am ELECTRIC GLOW LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED 2.10. 1904.

UNITED {STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ELECTRIC GLOW-LAMP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 26, 1905.

Application filed March 10, 1904:. Serial No. 197,457.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GUSTAVE K. HARTUNG, residingin the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric GlowLamps, of

.means for overcoming this objection and also to increase the life of the glowers. This I accomplish by providing a plurality of reserved glowers, which may be rendered serviceable upon the disruption or the termination of the life of an active one, and in this connection my invention is directed toward the control of the said glowers and the instrumentalities for automatically throwing them into circuit with the source of energy as demanded by the conditions aforesaid, thus limiting the life of the lamps to the number of reserved glowers provided.

Still another object of my invention is to provide for lamps of this character a heater which for a given current will have a considerably-greater radiating-surface, and therefore one which will be more effective in its operation, likewise to construct these heaters in a more simple manner, while at the same time, due to the novel features in construction, they will be rendered more durable than those in vogue and of which I am aware.

The different characteristic features of novelty embraced by my invention incidental to carrying out the objects referred to are illustrated in the several sheets of drawings hereto attached which form part of this application and described in the accompanying detailed specification, and finally pointed out in the claims.

\Vith reference to the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional elevational view of an electrical glow-lamp constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevational View of the automatic controlling mechanism and a dlagrammatical view of the electrical circuits, heater, and glowers cooperating therewith. Fig. 3 is a similar view to that of Fig. 2, illustrating a function of the automatic controlling mechanism when an active glower is in circuit. Fig. 4 is a like view to that of Figs. 2 and 3, illustrating the action of the automatic controlling mechanism throwing the reserved glower into circuit when an initial glower has become broken. Fig. 5 is a sectional elevational detailed view of a multiple glower-socket and a sectional end view of a heater and a fragmentary sectional view of the lamp-receptacle in accord ance with my invention, illustrating the mannor in which the plurality of glowers and the heater are brought into electrical communication with the controlling means. Fig. 6 is a similar view of my improved glower-socket to that of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a front plan view of the socket depicted in Fig. 6. In this instance the socket is illustrated as one having a capacity for four glowers and the heater illustrated in convective relation to all of the glowers. Fig. 8 is a similarview to that of Fig. 7 with the glowers removed, but illustrating the heater connections and the electrical circuit within the heater. Fig. 9 is a top plan view of a receptacle embodying my improvements, illustrating the connections on the upper inner surface of Fig. 5. Fig. 10 is a top plan View of the socket illustrated in Fig-8 or the complementary terminal connections for the receptacle illustrated fragmentarily and in section in Fig. 5. Fig. 11 is an end sectional view of my improved socket, taken through the line X X, Fig. 7, and which is illustrated in top plan view in Fig. 9, so as to illustrate the spring contact-pieces.

In the several figures similar characters of reference are employed to designate identical parts.

The base A, of any non-combustible insulating material, preferably porcelain, carrying the metallic socket B and the terminal connections B and the separating-column and terminal connection A, together with the electro- -magnetic switch C for the glowers and the thermostatic controller 0 and receptacle B the glower and heater-socket likewise of noncombustible material, preferably porcelain D. the metallic globe-hanger D, the housing D and the globe E constitute the principal parts of an electrical glow-lamp in accordance with. my invention.

The base A is molded or otherwise formed as illustrated in Fig. 1 and comprises athreaded portion and a flange, the former portion being enveloped by a metallic threaded cap,

as is customary in the manufacture of incandescent electric lamps and known as the bases thereof, and secured to the base A by threaded screw connections is the metallic separating-column A, the upper portion of which, a, passes through a perforation in the porcelain and is secured by the nuts a and (0 which are threaded to the column A, as illustrated. A similar connection with the receptacle B securing it to the column A, is effected by corresponding bolts and screw connections, as illustrated in this figure, whereby the base A, together with the socket portion B, is rigidly secured by the column A to the receptacle B The receptacle B is molded or otherwise formed so as to embrace the glower and heater-socket D, carrying the glowers e and the heater 6 by means of the flanges (Z and CZ, engaging a T-head (Z and (Z of the glower and heater receptacle D in a manner whereby the latter may be freely inserted into the receptacle B and withdrawn, as will be hereinafter more fully explained.

Secured to the receptacle B by the screws and nuts 6 and Z2 are the controlling devices U and C, incased in their respective inclosing vessels G and G which I prefer to construct of glass. These are for the exclusion of moisture and dust. These two devices perform certain essential functions characteristic of my invention, and therefore are characteristic features thereof, and I shall refer to these later in connection with the detailed description in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, likewise the glower and heater receptacle B.

The electromagnetic devices G for controlling the glowers, as will be hereinafter more fully explained, consists principally of the following parts: a frame, of preferably noncombustible insulating material, comprising the end pieces 0 and c, secured to the uprights 0 and 0 The end pieces 0 and 0' may be of any suitable form to fit the casing G To the upright member C of the frame are secured the electromagnets 1, 2, and 3 in the manner illustrated, and to this upright is secured the armatures 1, 2, and 3* by springs 1 2 and 3*, said armatures being disposed within inductive relation to their respective magnets l, 2, and 3 and adapted to swing upon the springs 1, 2 and 3", as is customary in the construction of electromagnetic annunciators, bells, and the like. the armatures 1, 2, and 3, however, will be that indicated in Fig. 2?.'. a, retracted from their respective magnets by the tensionsprings 1", 2", and 3 To the upright C is secured the terminal connections 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, comprising the screws and nuts, as illustrated. The terminal connections 3, 5, and 7 are provided with rests The normal position of 4: 5 and 6 for their respective armatures 1, 2, and 3. The upright 0 is likewise provided with terminal connections 8, 9, and 10, to which are secured the retracting-springs 1 2 and 3 and the cross connections 7 b and 8*, respectively.

The circuits and windings for my improved electromagnetic device comprises the terminal conductor B, electrically connected with the terminal connection 8 and the heater 6, the electromagnetic windings 1, 2 and 3 of the respective electromagnets 1, 2, and 3, (one terminal of each of these windings is connected up with their respective binding-posts or terminal connections 2, 4, and 6, while the other end is in electrical communication with the armature of the corresponding magnet through their respective retracting-springs 1 2 and 3 and the electromagnets thus arranged are each in series with their respective glowers e, 6, 6 and c and through the electrical conductors and terminal connections 2 and 2 4 and 4, and 6 and 6 respectively.

In order to explain the function of the apparatus thus described, it will be necessary to explain the construction and function of the cooperative thermostaticswitch C, since the circuits of the electromagnetic controlling device 0 and the controller 0 are correlative. The thermostatic controller C consists of a casing Gr, constructed, preferably, of light spun or drawn metal, having the cylindrical extended portion G closed at one extremity by a perforated cap G At the lower extremity of the casing Gr an electrical resistance-coil G is situated and disposed in the lower extremity of the casing Gr, so as to form a bottom therefor. This resistance is preferably composed of suitable high-resistance windings of metallic conductors incased in well-baked porcelain, as illustrated by the broken section-lines, and is provided with terminal connections or binding-screws, as shown, the value of the said resistance being proportional to the required ballasting effect for the heater and glower combination previously referred to, as will be hereinafter more fully explained in describing the operation of the device in connection with the glowers and heater. In the cylindrical extended portion or neck G of the casing 1 fit a piston 9 so as to have vertical or longitudinal movement therein and secure the said piston to a piston -rod g.

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Around the piston-rod g and disposed beillustrated, by the insulatingstops H and H and the insulated washers and bushings, as shown.

Contained within the casing G is a body It, of expansive liquid, preferably mercury, and at its normal temperature, or that not in excess of the environments, will be of sufiicient volume to fill the entire casing Gr approximately to the entrance of the neck or extended portion G, thus leaving a small free space, as illustrated, between the upper portion of the piston g and the surface of the liquid when the former is in the position illustrated in Fig. 2; but when the liquid has become heated by any means whatsoever to a sulficient extent to effect material expansion of the body of mercury h a column of the same will be projected into the extended portion G until the surface of the column of meroury will contact with the upper portion of the piston g, and upon further expansion of the body it the piston g will be raised against the action of its compression-spring, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4. In order to effect this rise of temperature, the resistance G is adapted to be energized by an electrical current when the same shall have attained a value commensurate with the adjustment of the apparatus to accomplish the purpose of my invention, and to this end I connect one terminal of the resistance G by a conductor 7 to the remaining terminals of the glowers e, e, 0 and 6 as illustrated, and the other terminal of the resistance G with the switch-spring H by a conductor 8, and the switch-spring H to the remaining terminal of the heater 0 by a conductor 9.

The operation of my improved electrical glow-lamp, comprising the construction and instrumentalities aforesaid, will, upon closing the switch 8, whereby communication with the source of energy is established, be effected by first energizing the heater e alone, since the glowers e e e e are initially non-conductive. After, however, suflicient heat has been imparted to them by the heater 0 and one of them-e, for example-has become conductive the electric current from the source .9 will then be shunted from the heater 6 through the electromagnetwindings 1, of the electromagnet 1, via the conductor 2 glower e, conductor 7 resistance G conductor 8, and back to the source 8. The current in the meanwhile passing through the resistance G will develop heat therein which will be proportional to the square of the current and also to the resistance of the circuit of the heater G which will be given up to the body of mercury it in performing the mechanical work of raising the piston g into the elevated position illustrated in Figs. 3 or 4, and the piston g, carrying with it the piston-rod g and bridging contact switch member 9 thereby breaking the contact with the switch-springs H and H,thus interrupting the flow of current through the heater e. During the period when current is flowing through a glower e the electromagnet l, forming part of the circuit thereoflwill be energized, and as the current through the circuit has increased in its strength by virtue of the increasing conductivity of the glower a, due to the heat of the heater 6', the armature of said electromagnet 1 will be continually embracing an increased number of magnetic lines of induction due to the electromagnet, and when the latter has attained sufficient strength by virtue of the increase in current the armature 1 will be attracted against the reacting force of its spring 1 and will assume the position illustrated in Fig. 3, thereby permitting the current from the source 8 to flow only through the glower e by way of the conductor B, terminal screw 8, electromagnetic windings 1 conductor 2, glower c, conductor 7, ballasting resistance G switch 8, and back to the source 8. It might be Well to here mention that during the first or initial start, as previously outlined, the heater a will not only be exerting its influence on the glower 6, contained within the group of glowers, but, as will be understood by the disposition of the heater with respect to the glowers as depicted in Figs. 7 or 8, that all of the glowers c, 6, 6 and 6 will become conductive simultaneously, and therefore all of the respective electromagnets will gradually become energized, as already stated in connection with electromagnet 1 and glower e, and each of the respective armatures will be attracted; but since the armature-spring 1 of the armature 1 establishes a communication with the remaining electroinagi'iets through the rest-piece 4:" and conducting-wire 7" upon the attraction of the armature l the remaining two electromagnets will be cut out of circuit and will consequently become deenergized, and their respective armatures will be retracted by their springs and rest upon their respective stops 5" and 6, as shown in Fig. 3. Therefore while the glowers a, 0 and 6 will be momentarily illuminated, they will be instantly cut out and the glower (2 alone will remain in circuit. In the meanwhile the body of mercury it will give up its heat to the surrounding atmosphere by radiation until it approximately counterbalances the heat radiated by the resistance G developed by the reduced electrical current therein through the circuit of the glower 0 alone. It will thus be observed that during the first rush of current through the four glowers the column of mercury projected into the neck G" will be considerably greater in length than when one glower, as e, is alone in circuit, and therefore the switch for cutting out the heater 6 and comprising the bridging contact member g and complementary switch springs aforesaid will make considerable of a break; but after the said column has settled down somewhat and the compression-spring has returned the piston g and bridging contact member 9 the break remaining between the contact-springs and bridging contact member aforesaid will be considerably less. This feature in the operation of the thermostatic controlling device is of importance when a degree of sensitiveness is essential in the operation of the apparatus, and a long quick break is requiredin order to prevent prolonged arcing between the points referred to of heat from the body of mercury it would occupy some little time, which, however, depends upon its cooling coefficient and the extent to which it is expanded or heated. This feature, wherein considerable expansion of the mercury occurs at the outset, as depicted in Figs. 3 or 4, and a reduction in the expansion for normal conditions having been established, approximating that illustrated in Fig. 1, renders my thermostatic device particularly applicable to glow-lam ps of the character under consideration. By studying these functions of the switch 0, as depicted in Fig. 4:, it will be observed that the electromagnet 1 after having dropped its armature establishes contact on the rest-piece 4: and the two remaining electromagnets having become energized in the manner aforesaid and the armature 2 having interrupted the circuit of the electromagnet 3 in the manner aforesaid by the attraction of its armature 2 will establish an electrical current through the glower c. It is obvious that upon the rupture of the glower e the glower 6 will be automaticall-y thrown into circuit in a similar manner, likewise the glower 6 upon the rupture of the glower 0 thus rendering the entire system of glowers available in successive order by the automatic device illustrated and described without any attention on the part of the user more than the exercising of due care in connecting the lamp, as depicted in Fig. 1, with its concomitants with the source of energy through the socket, as is well understood by those familiar with incandescent electric-lamp appliances and properly inserting the glowers in the receptacle B so that proper contact will be established with the terminal connections 5 and b. To expedite this desideratum, I have illustrated my improved socket in position in the receptacle B in sectional elevation and in detail in Figs. 5 and 6. The terminal wires for the glowers,

as e, are carried through the body of the socket D to the terminal metallic contactplates D D in pairs for each of the said glowers and the wires soldered thereto or illustrated in section in Fig. 5 and in plan,

Fig. 9. The heater-terminals D D (see Fig.

10) are provided with a pair of leading-wires, '7

distribute a thin layer of metal in preferably a zigzag form, as illustrated in Fig. 8. This latter may be of German silver or thin plati num. I prefer as an economic expedient to deposit by the well-known electrolytic process the small strips F F 620., until a sufficient number ofthese strips have been deposited and at intervals, as illustrated, whereby when they are connected in series the required resistance will be that demanded by the glow-.

ers e, 0, c and e for their requisite heating, the initial or leading-in strip, as F, being electrically connected with the terminal D while the extremity of the leading-out strip is connected with the terminal D It is obvious from the foregoing description that during the operation of my improved glow-lamp and during the time in which some of the glowers have been fractured the degree of the initial expansion of the mercury it, as aforesaid, and the normal expansion when one of the glowers is in operation will not be so widely differentiated, and as two or more glowers become fractured the thermostatic switch 0 will not make as long a break, owing-to a smaller initial rush of current through the resistance G which forms but a small portion of the resistance of the glower-circuit. This is just what is required, since it is not essential in carrying light-currents in a circuit for a given voltage that as long an arc would be necessary as when for the same voltage a smaller current is to be disrupted.

It will be clear to those who are familiar with the requirements in incandescent-electrio-light circuits that my improved electrical thermostatic cut-out as described will be sensitive in its operation as a circuit-breaker and at the same time reliable in its operation and due to its laxity in cooling presents certain distinctive advantages in reestablishing the circuit after overload that is, a certain timelimiting feature is involved by its use in con nection with these circuits.

I am aware that prior to my inventionelectromagnetic cut-outs have been in vogue in incandescent and glow lamp electrical circuits for interrupting the flow of current when the same has reached the limit or exceeded that of its adjusted value, and I therefore do not claim these, broadly, as my invention.

1 am also aware that multiple glowers have been in vogue -as, for example, double-filament incandescent lamps controlled by electromagnetic cut-outsand I therefore do not claim these latter, broadly, as my invention nor the adaptation of a number of glowers in an electrical glow-lamp; but,

I do claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States 1. In an electrical glow-lamp of the character described, a glower-socket provided with a plurality of glowers and a heater thereon, a receptacle for the said socket and terminal connections thereon, an electromagnetic controller for said glowers and a thermostatic cutout for the heater; substantially as set forth.

2. An electrical glow-lamp having a plurality of light-giving elements of secondary conductivity and electrical circuits and controlling devices therefor, a common heater for said light-giving elements, and an electrical resistance for the light-giving elements, and the combination with the resistance and the heater, of an expansive-liquid thermostatic cut-out adapted to be actuated by energy dissipated from said resistance for cutting out said heater upon the maturity of a secondary conductor; substantially as described.

3. An electrical glow-lamp having a plurality of light-giving-elements of secondary conductivity, and electrical circuits and electromagnetic controlling devices for automatically switching one of said conductors into circuit during its integrity and out of circuit upon a rupture thereof and a common heater for the secondary conductors, and a single electrical ballasting resistance for the secondary conductors, and the combination with the resistance and the heater of an expansive-liquid thermostatic cut-out adapted to be actuated by energy dissipated from said resistance for cutting outsaid heater upon the maturity of a secondary conductor; substantially as described.

at. An electrical glow-lamp having a plurality of light-giving elements of secondary conductivity and suitable electrical circuits therefor and a common heater for the secondary conductors, and a single electrical ballasting resistance for the said secondary conductors, and a suitable cut-out for the heater when the said conductors have attained their conductivity, of an electromagnetic controlling device for alternately switching said conductors into circuit during their integrity and out of circuit upon a rupture thereof; substantially as described.

5. An electrical glow-lamp having a plurality of light-giving elements of secondary conductivitysupported in a holder, a heater therefor supported in the same holder, the said holder being held in the lamp in such manner as to be freely removable therefrom, electrical circuits for said heater and glowers and automatic controlling devices therefor, and a ballasting resistance for the glowers.

6. An electrical glow-lamp comprising a casing, a plurality of magnets mounted therein and controlling a plurality of electrical circuits, glowers adapted to be energized by said circuits, and a common terminal for said circuits mounted on the top of the casing.

7. In an electrical glow-lamp having a plurality of light-giving elements of secondary conductivity having independent controlled circuits and suitable electrical circuits and controlling devices for the light-giving elements and a suitable ballasting resistance therefor, a common heater for said secondary light-giving element comprising a support and a sinuous metallic filament formed thereon and car ried thereby, electrical circuits and terminal connections for the said heater and a thermostatic controller therefor actuated by the said ballasting resistance for throwing the heater into and out of circuit as the secondary conductors mature according to the maturity or relaxation thereof.

8. In an electrical glow-lamp of the character described, a socket provided with a plurality of glowers and a heater therefor, and terminal contacts for each of said glowers and heater, a receptacle for said socket, said receptacle being provided with coacting contacts to engage the terminal contacts of the glowers and heater, substantially as described.

9. In an electrical glow-lamp of the character described, a socket provided with a plurality of glowers and a heater therefor and terminal contacts for each of the same, a receptacle for said socket, said receptacle being provided with coacting engaging contacts, and

means whereby when one of said glowers becomes ruptured, another glower may be automatically energized, substantially as described.

10. In a glow-lamp of the character described, a plurality of glowers, electrical circuits therefor, a single ballasting device to ballast each of the said glowers and means for connecting said glowers successively in circuit upon the disruption of the glower previously energized, substantially as described.

11. In a glow-lamp of the character described, a plurality of glowers, means for energizing said glowers a single ballasting resistance adapted to ballast said glowers, and means for connecting said glowers successively whereby when one ofsaid glowers becomes disrupted, a single glower will be automatically energized, substantially as shown and described.

12. In a glow-lamp of the character described, a plurality of glowers, a common heater for all of said glowers,'a common ballasting device for all of said glowers, a common junction for all of said glowers between said ballasting device and the glowers, substantially as shown and described.

13. In a glow-lamp of the character described, a plurality of glowers, separate electrical circuits therefor, means for controlling the circuit through the glowers, a heater common to all the glowers, adapted to be energized by a circuit separate from the glower-circuit and means for automatically energizing the said heater on the disruption of a glower-circuit and of deenergizing said heater when a circuit is reestablished through a glower, and a lamp-casing inclosing all of said instrumentalities above enumerated, substantially as shown and described. 7

14. In a glow-lamp of the character described, a socket with a plurality of glowers therein and a heater therefor, electric conductors embedded in said socket connected with said glowers, a receptacle in which said socket in held, contact-pieces in said socket and receptacle and spring connections interposed between said contact-pieces substantially as described.

15. In a lamp of the character described, a plurality of glowers and electrical circuits therefor controlled by electromagnets, said magnets being mounted on a separate frame, substantially as described.

16. In a glowlarnp of the character described, a plurality of glowers, electric circuits therefor, a plurality of magnets, only one of which is energized at a time and thereby all the other circuits are opened, and a single ballasting device adapted to ballast each of said circuits, substantially as described.

17. In a lamp of the character described, a plurality of glowers, electrical circuits therefor, a plurality of magnets and their respective armatures mounted on a separate frame and adapted to control the said gloWer-circuits.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GUSTAVE K. HARTUNG. 

